These are collection of words used in neurorehabilitation. The words were compiled by reviewing research articles in the field. The definitions were obtained from scientific journals.
Brain Computer Interface
Noun
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) acquire brain signals, analyze them, and translate them into commands that are relayed to output devices that carry out desired actions.
Example: The emerging field of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology may allow individuals unable to speak and/or use their limbs to once again communicate or operate assistive devices for walking and manipulating objects.
Shih JJ, Krusienski DJ, Wolpaw JR. Brain-computer interfaces in medicine. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):268-79. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.12.008. Epub 2012 Feb 10. PMID: 22325364; PMCID: PMC3497935.
Common spatial pattern
Noun
Common spatial pattern (CSP) is a mathematical procedure used in signal processing for separating a multivariate signal into additive subcomponents which have maximum differences in variance between two windows.
Example: Common Spatiotemporal Pattern is suitable for Brain Computer Interfaces that use traditional Motor Imagery.
Constraint Induced
Movement Therapy
Noun
is an innovative, scientifically supported method of upper extremity rehabilitation for children with neuromotor impairments.
Example: Constraint Induced
Movement Therapy (CIMT), Neuromuscular Stimulation (NMS)
or mental practice with Motor Imagery (MI) are some of
the most common treatments for motor rehabilitation of the
hemiplegic arm after stroke, and their efficacy has been well-established.
Electroencephalogram
Noun
An EEG is a test that detects abnormalities in your brain waves, or in the electrical activity of your brain
Example: an electroencephalogram (EEG) machine alone is not a BCI because it only records brain signals but does not generate an output that acts on the user's environment.
Shih JJ, Krusienski DJ, Wolpaw JR. Brain-computer interfaces in medicine. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):268-79. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.12.008. Epub 2012 Feb 10. PMID: 22325364; PMCID: PMC3497935.
Event Related Desynchronization
Noun
Event-related desynchronization (ERD) is the short-lasting attenuation or blocking of rhythms within the alpha (beta) band. ERD is found during but also before visual stimulation.
Example: MI
has been shown to activate the primary motor cortex (M1) and
related motor areas and elicits Event Related Desynchronization
(ERD) and Event Related Synchronization (ERS), which reflect power changes in the mu band.
Event related potentials
Noun
Event-related potentials (ERPs) are small changes in the scalp-recorded electroencephalogram time-locked to the onset of an event such as a sensory stimulus or a motor act.
Example: P300-BCIs are based on the detection of changes in stimulus-locked EEG potentials called
event-related potentials
Event Related Synchronization
Noun
is a relative power increase of electroencephalogram (EEG) in a specific frequency band during physical motor execution and mental motor imagery, thus it is widely used for the brain-computer interface (BCI) purpose.
Example: Motor Imagery
has been shown to activate the primary motor cortex (M1) and
related motor areas and elicits Event Related Desynchronization
(ERD) and Event Related Synchronization (ERS), which reflect power changes in the mu band.
Motor imagery
Noun
Motor imagery is a mental process by which an individual rehearses or simulates a given action.
Example: Motor imagery activates neural circuits engaged in motor control, which leads to plastic modifications of
these circuits.
Neuromuscular Stimulation
Noun
Example: Constraint Induced
Movement Therapy (CIMT), Neuromuscular Stimulation (NMS)
or mental practice with Motor Imagery (MI) are some of
the most common treatments for motor rehabilitation of the
hemiplegic arm after stroke, and their efficacy has been wellestablishe
Physical Therapy
Noun
A branch of rehabilitative health that uses specially designed exercises and equipment to help patients regain or improve their physical abilities.
Example: It has been shown that rehabilitation is more effective during such BCI operations compared to traditional physical therapy
Syrov, N.; Yakovlev, L.; Nikolaeva, V.; Kaplan, A.; Lebedev, M. Mental Strategies in a P300-BCI: Visuomotor Transformation Is an
Option. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 2607. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112607
Spasticity
Noun
Spasticity is a condition in which there is an abnormal increase in muscle tone or stiffness of muscle, which might interfere with movement, speech, or be associated with discomfort or pain.
Example: We used the Modified Ashworth Scale
(MAS) to assess spasticity, in which low punctuations reflect less
spasticity.
Stroke
Noun
A stroke is a serious life-threatening medical condition that happens when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off.
Example: Cerebral stroke is the leading cause of human disability globally. Notwithstanding the progress made in rehabilitation methods, up to 30% of patients remain immobilized.
Syrov, N.; Yakovlev, L.; Nikolaeva, V.; Kaplan, A.; Lebedev, M. Mental Strategies in a P300-BCI: Visuomotor Transformation Is an
Option. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 2607. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112607
Upper limb
Noun
is the part of the body that includes the arm, wrist, and hand.
Example: The Functional Electrical Stimulation combined
with other therapies seems effective for upper limb motor
rehabilitation after stroke
Virtual Reality
Noun
is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional image or environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way by a person using special electronic equipment, such as a helmet with a screen inside or gloves fitted with sensors.
Example: Virtual Reality (VR) allows the
user to restore his neurological function by inducing neural plasticity.
Visuomotor Transformation
Verb
is the coordination of neuronal activity between visual-related and motor-related parts of the brain in order to influence behavior and perception.
Example: For the cued motor imagery, we expected an activation of both visual and sensorimotor areas through the process of
visuomotor transformation.
Syrov, N.; Yakovlev, L.; Nikolaeva, V.; Kaplan, A.; Lebedev, M. Mental Strategies in a P300-BCI: Visuomotor Transformation Is an
Option. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 2607. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112607
